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Malthus is a pessimist. He wanted to either increase death rate or reduce birth rate. Concept of "moral restraint" (aka less sex) comes into play here. He wanted to reduce welfare. Think negatively and you'll get the general gist of it.
By international system, I'm going to assume international relations or international trade. The favor resides in wealthier, developed countries, allowing them to control a significant portion of the market. This leads to less market share for poorer countries, which may cause countries to become dependent on one of the superpowers, or may foster terrorism, trading pacts, or war. A lot of answers to this one.
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